1. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1999, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engagqwali emazweni aseNtshonalanga kukhuphuke kusuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.15 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-17.28, okuwukunyuka cishe izikhathi ezingu-8, ngesilinganiso sokukhula ngonyaka cishe ngo-5.5%.Insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa kakhulu emakhishini, ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini, ezokuthutha, ezokwakha, kanye nobunjiniyela bomphakathi.Mayelana nezitsha zasekhishini, kukhona ikakhulukazi amathangi okugeza kanye nezifudumezi zamanzi zikagesi nezegesi, futhi izinto zasendlini ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa isigubhu semishini yokuwasha ezenzakalelayo.Ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwemvelo okufana nokonga amandla kanye nokugaywa kabusha, isidingo sensimbi engagqwali kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule ngokuqhubekayo.
Emkhakheni wezokuthutha, kunezinhlelo zokukhipha umoya ezimotweni zikaloliwe kanye nezimoto.Insimbi engagqwali esetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokukhipha umoya icishe ibe ngu-20-30kg ngemoto ngayinye, kanti isidingo sonyaka emhlabeni singamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1, okuyindawo enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali.
Emkhakheni wezokwakha, kube nokwanda kwesidingo sakamuva, esifana nonogada eziteshini ze-MRT zase-Singapore, kusetshenziswa amathani angaba ngu-5,000 ensimbi engenasici yangaphandle.Esinye isibonelo iJapane.Ngemuva kuka-1980, insimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha iye yanda izikhathi ezingaba ngu-4, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa uphahla, ukwakha umhlobiso wangaphakathi nangaphandle, nezinto zokwakha.Ngawo-1980, izinto ezingapendiwe zohlobo lwe-304 zazisetshenziswa njengezinto zokufulela ezindaweni ezisogwini lwaseJapane, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali ependwe kancane kancane kwashintsha kusukela ekucatshangelweni kokuvimbela ukugqwala.Ngawo-1990s, ama-20% noma ngaphezulu ama-Cr Ferritic Stainless steels aphakeme anokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu athuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswa njengezinto zokufulela, kanye namasu ahlukahlukene okuqeda phezulu athuthukiswa ukwenza ubuhle.
Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bomphakathi, insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa emibhoshongweni yokumunca idamu eJapan.Ezifundeni ezibandayo zaseYurophu nase-United States, ukuvimbela ukuqhwa kwemigwaqo namabhuloho, kuyadingeka ukufafaza usawoti, okusheshisa ukugqwala kwezinsimbi zensimbi, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa imigoqo yensimbi engagqwali.Emigwaqweni yaseNyakatho Melika, cishe izindawo ezingama-40 zisebenzise insimbi engenasici eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kanti inani elisetshenziswayo lendawo ngayinye lingamathani angama-200-1000.Esikhathini esizayo, imakethe yensimbi engagqwali kulo mkhakha izokwenza umehluko.
2. Isihluthulelo sokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali esikhathini esizayo ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, impilo ende, kanye nokuduma kwe-IT.
Maqondana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, okokuqala, ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, isidingo sensimbi engagqwali ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwezingashisi imfucumfucu, izimboni zamandla e-LNG, nezitshalo zikagesi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezisebenzisa amalahle ukucindezela i-dioxin. isizukulwane sizokhula.Kulinganiselwa futhi ukuthi isikhwama sebhethri sezimoto zama-fuel cell, esizosetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, sizosebenzisa insimbi engagqwali.Ngokombono wekhwalithi yamanzi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi nasezinsizeni zokuhlanza amanzi, insimbi engagqwali enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu izokwandisa isidingo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphila isikhathi eside, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kuyanda emabhulohweni akhona, emigwaqweni emikhulu, emhubheni nakwezinye izakhiwo eYurophu, futhi lo mkhuba kulindeleke ukuba usabalale emhlabeni wonke.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokuphila sezakhiwo zokuhlala ezijwayelekile eJapane sifushane ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engu-20-30, futhi ukulahlwa kwezinto ezilahlwayo sekuyinkinga enkulu.Ngokuvela kwakamuva kwezakhiwo eziphila iminyaka eyi-100, isidingo sezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu sizokhula.Ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke, ngenkathi kunciphisa ubunjiniyela bomphakathi kanye nemfucuza yokwakha, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi zingancishiswa kanjani izindleko zokulondoloza kusukela esigabeni sokuklama sokwethula imiqondo emisha.
Ngokuphathelene nokuthandwa kwe-IT, ekuthuthukisweni kwe-IT nokuthandwa kwabantu, izinto ezisebenzayo zidlala indima enkulu ku-hardware yemishini, futhi izidingo zokunemba okuphezulu kanye nezinto ezisebenza kakhulu zinkulu kakhulu.Isibonelo, kumakhalekhukhwini kanye nezingxenye zekhompuyutha encane, amandla aphezulu, ukunwebeka, kanye nezakhiwo ezingezona uzibuthe zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziswa ngendlela eguquguqukayo, enweba ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali.Futhi emishini yokukhiqiza yama-semiconductors kanye nama-substrates ahlukahlukene, insimbi engagqwali enenhlanzeko enhle nokuqina idlala indima ebalulekile.
Insimbi engagqwali inezinto eziningi ezinhle kakhulu ezinye izinsimbi ezingenazo futhi iyinto ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi igaywa kabusha.Esikhathini esizayo, insimbi engagqwali izosetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukuphendula izinguquko zezikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-02-2022