1. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1999, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engagqwali emazweni aseNtshonalanga kukhuphuke kusuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.15 kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-17.28, okuwukunyuka cishe izikhathi ezingu-8, ngesilinganiso sokukhula ngonyaka cishe ngo-5.5%.Insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa kakhulu emakhishini, ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini, ezokuthutha, ezokwakha, kanye nobunjiniyela bomphakathi.Mayelana nezitsha zasekhishini, kukhona ikakhulukazi amathangi okugeza kanye nezifudumezi zamanzi zikagesi nezegesi, futhi izinto zasendlini ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa isigubhu semishini yokuwasha ezenzakalelayo.Ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwemvelo okufana nokonga amandla kanye nokugaywa kabusha, isidingo sensimbi engagqwali kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule ngokuqhubekayo.
Emkhakheni wezokuthutha, kunezinhlelo zokukhipha umoya ezimotweni zikaloliwe kanye nezimoto.Insimbi engagqwali esetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokukhipha umoya icishe ibe ngu-20-30kg ngemoto ngayinye, kanti isidingo sonyaka emhlabeni singamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1, okuyindawo enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali.
Emkhakheni wezokwakha, kube nokwanda kwesidingo sakamuva, okufana nalokhu: onogada eziteshini ze-MRT zase-Singapore, besebenzisa amathani angaba ngu-5,000 ensimbi engenasici yangaphandle.Esinye isibonelo iJapane.Ngemuva kuka-1980, insimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha iye yanda izikhathi ezingaba ngu-4, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa uphahla, ukwakha umhlobiso wangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nezinto zokwakha.Ngawo-1980, izinto ezingama-304 ezingapendiwe zazisetshenziswa njengezinto zokufulela ezindaweni ezisogwini lwaseJapane, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali ependiwe kwashintshwa kancane kancane kusukela ekucatshangelweni kokuvimbela ukugqwala.Ngawo-1990s, ama-20% noma ngaphezulu ama-Cr Ferritic Stainless steels aphakeme anokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu athuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswa njengezinto zokufulela, kanye namasu ahlukahlukene okuqeda phezulu athuthukiswa ukwenza ubuhle.
Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bomphakathi, insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa emibhoshongweni yokumunca idamu eJapan.Ezifundeni ezibandayo zaseYurophu nase-United States, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhwala kwemigwaqo emikhulu namabhuloho, kuyadingeka ukufafaza usawoti, okusheshisa ukubola kwezinsimbi zensimbi, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa imigoqo yensimbi engenasici.Emigwaqweni yaseNyakatho Melika, cishe izindawo ezingama-40 zisebenzise insimbi engenasici eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kanti inani elisetshenziswayo lendawo ngayinye lingamathani angama-200-1000.Esikhathini esizayo, imakethe yensimbi engagqwali kulo mkhakha izokwenza umehluko.
2. Isihluthulelo sokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali esikhathini esizayo ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, impilo ende kanye nokuthandwa kwe-IT.
Maqondana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, okokuqala ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwemvelo, isidingo sensimbi engagqwali ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa futhi ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izimboni zamandla e-LNG kanye nezitshalo zikagesi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezisebenzisa amalahle ukucindezela ukukhiqizwa kwe-dioxin kuzokwenziwa. andisa.Kulinganiselwa futhi ukuthi isikhwama sebhethri sezimoto zama-fuel cell, esizosetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, sizosebenzisa insimbi engagqwali.Ngokombono wekhwalithi yamanzi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi nasezinsizeni zokuhlanza amanzi, insimbi engagqwali enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu izokwandisa isidingo.
Ngokuphathelene nempilo ende, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali kuyanda emabhulohweni akhona, emigwaqweni emikhulu, emihubheni nakwezinye izindawo eYurophu, futhi lo mkhuba kulindeleke ukuthi usabalale emhlabeni wonke.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokuphila sezakhiwo zokuhlala ezijwayelekile eJapane sifushane ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engu-20-30, futhi ukulahlwa kwezinto ezilahlwayo sekuyinkinga enkulu.Ngokuvela kwakamuva kwezakhiwo eziphila iminyaka eyi-100, isidingo sezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu sizokhula.Ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke, ngenkathi kunciphisa ubunjiniyela bomphakathi kanye nemfucuza yokwakha, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi zingancishiswa kanjani izindleko zokulondoloza kusukela esigabeni sokuklama sokwethula imiqondo emisha.
Ngokuphathelene nokuthandwa kwe-IT, ekuthuthukisweni kwe-IT nokuthandwa kwabantu, izinto ezisebenzayo zidlala indima enkulu ku-hardware yemishini, futhi izidingo zokunemba okuphezulu kanye nezinto ezisebenza kakhulu zinkulu kakhulu.Isibonelo, kumakhalekhukhwini kanye nezingxenye ze-microcomputer, amandla aphezulu, ukunwebeka kanye nezakhiwo ezingezona uzibuthe zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali.Futhi emishini yokukhiqiza yama-semiconductors kanye nama-substrates ahlukahlukene, insimbi engagqwali enenhlanzeko enhle nokuqina idlala indima ebalulekile.
Insimbi engagqwali inezinto eziningi ezinhle kakhulu ezinye izinsimbi ezingenazo, futhi iyinto ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi igaywa kabusha.Esikhathini esizayo, insimbi engagqwali izosetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukuphendula izinguquko zezikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-06-2022